Economic time series usually exhibit complex behavior such as nonlinearity, fractal long-memory, and non-stationarity. Recently, considerable efforts have been made to detect chaos and fractal long-memory in finance. While evidence supporting fractal scaling in finance has been accumulating, it...

CBM was used to set economic development priorities and identify sustainable businesses for Enosburg Falls, Vermont. A modified CBM corrected limitations found in the first study. Results show that business in Depository and Non-depository financial institutions, dairy processing, and industrial...

Using an error-correction model (ECM) framework, the authors attempt to quantify the degree of disequilibrium in Canadian housing stock over the period 1961–2008 for the national aggregate and over 1981–2008 for the provinces. They find that, based on quarterly data, the level of housing...

This article provides insights into Finnish co-operatives using evidence from 131 co-operatives of different sizes and in various industries. With the help of an interdisciplinary survey, we study the past and current state of Finnish co-operatives. The topics include business development,...

This paper discusses the causes of the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the economy. It specifically analyzes the impact on the housing market. Supported by different economic and market indicators, this paper points out that the potential risk of a real estate...