During the last decades, international trade flows of the industrialised countries became more and more intra-industry. At the same time, employment perspectives particularly of the low skilled by tendency deteriorated in these countries. This phenomenon is often traced back to the fact that...

We examine some controversial country-specific factors influencing vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade including foreign direct investment and income distributions. As concerns, the effect of differences in countries’ levels of economic development (richness), both theories and...

I estimate the elasticity of substitution between capital, labour and energy in Central and Eastern European countries to make CGE models more accurate. The CGE models often use elasticity of substitution of production factors estimated for another countries or average of elasticities taken from...

Examines legislative changes since 1990 in Central and Eastern European countries with regard to the mechanisms, institutions and levels of collective bargaining, the legal nature of collective agreements, union representativeness, and labour dispute settlement.

This report first reviews the current discussion about innovation, looking at its definition and theoretical underpinnings from different angles. It is followed by an analysis of the rationale, goals, instruments and organisational framework of innovation policies in the Visegrad Countries. The...