The 2003 Directive on Re-Use of Public Sector Information (PSI Directive) contributed to change Public Sector Bodies' approach towards data, making them more open and re-usable. Further modifications in the Directive in 2013 also helped public authorities to become key players in the rising data...

There is a growing interest in the EU in the data economy, in IoT, robots and autonomous systems and in the emerging challenges they pose for EU policy makers. The purpose of this study was to identify the most important barriers to the development of the data economy and the use of IoT, robots...

The study provides an overview of the development of cloud computing in Europe in absence of policy measures, and of the most important barriers for its further development. It provides an assessment of the likely impacts (costs and benefits) of policy measures supporting cloud computing to be...

The study provides an overview of the development of cloud computing in Europe in absence of policy measures, and of the most important barriers for its further development. It provides an assessment of the likely impacts (costs and benefits) of policy measures supporting cloud computing to be...

The notion of 'data ownership' is often used as a convenient legal shorthand to describe that a certain party has a certain control over specific data. A typical example is its use in contracts for online services, where the user of the service is often reassured by the provider that they...

Data governance generally refers to any human-based system comprising directing, overseeing and accountability, in relation to the availability, usability, integrity and security of certain datasets. These processes help to define the actions people must take, the processes they must follow, and...

The European Union, like most of the world, faces economically challenging times. In such times, it becomes all the more important to recognise and seize new and unique opportunities to drive growth, stimulate innovation, and to provide benefits to citizens, businesses and public...

The general impact of artificial intelligence (AI) systems on businesses, governments and the global economy is currently a hot topic. This isn't surprising, considering that AI is believed to have the potential to bring about radical, unprecedented changes in the way people live and work. The...

The overarching goal of the assignment is to assist the Commission in collecting evidence a) on how the present and probable future challenges of AI to the national civil liability frameworks and possible adaptations at national level affect businesses active in the EU; b) on the impact of...