. -- heterogeneous inventions ; innovation size ; intellectual property rights ; patents ; patent filing fees ; patentability standards … mechanisms for medium inventions, and patent their most important innovations. This result reestablishes the traditional view …

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, all countries having patent systems required patentable inventions to be … nonobvious. The nonobviousness requirement is considered to be so central to patent policy that it has frequently been called the … doctrine of invention, inventive step or simply the patentability requirement. This Article traces how this defining doctrine …

The role of individual inventors, small firms and entrepreneurs in the patent courts has become controversial for two … patents in cases filed in 2000 and 2002, we explore how the resolution of patent cases relates to the nature of the parties …. In particular, we examine whether individual inventors and entrepreneurs are ability to defend their patent rights and …

Open innovation is the subject of increased scholarly debate. A lot of attention has thereby been paid to firm …-centered open innovation, characterized by a for-profit motive and the interplay between patents and contracts, resulting in … communities the present paper examines how the law can assist in establishing a new approach to open innovation (‘new' open …

'invention' for the 'vital functions' of the Patent Law. The mentioned proposal for use the RWP basis on my circa 25 years … 'Patentable Invention as the Legal Object in the Light of Systems Thinking Big (whole) Picture in Patent Laws' I have presented in …The present article is in principle the continuation of my one 'Legal Definition of the Term 'Invention' as the Primary …

This paper studies the effects of the USPTO's patent secrecy program in World War II, under which over 11,000 U ….S. patent applications were issued secrecy orders which halted examination and prohibited inventors from disclosing their … compulsory invention secrecy reduced follow-on invention and restricted commercialization, but as part of the security policies …

China has surpassed the United States in patent applications and has become world leader. Strong patenting activity … by electronics manufacturers. State-owned firms spend more on R&D per patent, but hold fewer patents per researcher than … patent holders. Furthermore, the paper examines what drives patenting activity. Higher R&D spending by the firm and higher …

Standard innovation theory assumes that intellectual property protection is a prerequisite to the development of … innovation for the benefit of society. While not directly challenging this traditionally held belief, the authors used empirical … with greater innovation. The results of this empirical study were mixed. The authors’ analysis identified a statistically …

A bedrock principle of patent law is that old inventions cannot be patented. And a new use for an old invention does … not render the old invention patentable. This is because patent law requires novelty—an invention must be new. But while a … obtain new-use patents to repurpose old drugs. This trend has fueled debates over follow-on innovation and patent quality …

invention to the state of the art. We assess this function using newly developed data on the scope of Japanese patent …It is a crucial function of patent examination to make the patent scope consistent with the contribution of the …