The open science and research transparency movement aims to make the research process more visible and to strengthen … science proponents argue that making data and codes publicly available enables researchers to evaluate the truth of a claim … and improve its credibility. Opponents often counter that replications are costly and that open science efforts are not …

This review helps to familiarize students with research approaches, worldviews, and concepts of theory/variables in … meaning of research paradigms, theory, and framework in quantitative studies, and more importantly, distinguishes between them … achieve the following objectives: Familiarize students with research approaches, worldviews, and concepts of theory …