Managerial flexibility has value in the context of uncertain R&D projects,as management can repeatedly gather information about uncertain project and market characteristics and, based on this information,change its course of action.This value is now well accepted and referred to as real option...

The public debate in Europe is turning against business because outsourcing and off-shoring are perceived to destroy jobs, and corporate profitability is seen as inconsistent with a wage stagnation of salaried employees. Managers in Europe feel surrounded by hostile regulation, protected product...

Managerial flexibility has value in the context of uncertain R...D projects, as management can repeatedly gather information about uncertain project and market characteristics and, based on this information, change its course of action. This value is now well accepted and referred to as "real...