Multi-national corporations (MNCs) and large domestic companies have traditionally ignored a large part of the world's population with lower income levels, also known as the bottom of the pyramid (BOP). New empirical measures of the behaviour of those at the BOP and their aggregate purchasing...

A family of soluble Markov chains is introduced, which derive from simple prescriptions allowing 'saved' and 'recouped' successes in combinations of Bernoulli or hypergeometric trials. These processes lead directly to simple eigenvalue spectra and to eigenvectors which are classical polynomials...

Purpose: To enhance the understanding of the moderating influence of different bottom of the pyramid (BOP) income segments on the antecedents of pro-poor innovation acceptance. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, 320 BOP consumers with a range of low-to-moderate literacy and low-income...