Tummers and Knies (2016) have recently introduced a 21-item scale for the measurement of public leadership to the burgeoning field of leadership research in public administration. However, due to restrictions in survey length and response time, scholars often face practical difficulties when...

Finding a mission is important for employees to perform well in public service jobs. Research has demonstrated that leadership can facilitate mission valence among followers, but if and how leadership unfolds this effect in the presence of excessive bureaucracy (i.e., red tape) is unclear. This...

Scholars have recently spent growing attention to what public employees think of citizens, which influences policy implementation through more manifest attitudes and behaviors. The origins of employees' positive and negative associations with citizens have, however, not been examined thus far....