explore the rising spatial concentration of patents and identify an underlying stability in their distribution. Software …. Tech centers also account for a growing share of non-software patents, but the reallocation, by contrast, is entirely from … the five largest population centers in 1980. Non-software patenting is stable for most cities, with anchor tenants like …

to open source software, an unpriced commodity in the digital economy. The study is the first to follow usage and … upgrading of unpriced software over a long period of time. It finds evidence that software updates mislead analyses of sources … software. We analyze the largest dataset ever compiled on web server use in the United States and link it to disaggregated …

five advanced technologies: AI, robotics, dedicated equipment, specialized software, and cloud computing. The adoption of …

improving banks' ability of soft information production and transmission, while investment in software IT helps enhance banks … communication (software) IT spending. We also find that the entry of fintech induces commercial banks to increase their investment … in IT--more so in the software IT category …