The paper deals with the topic of modelling the probability of bankruptcy of Polish enterprises using convolutional neural networks. Convolutional networks take images as input, so it was thus necessary to apply the method of converting the observation vector to a matrix. Benchmarks for...

This paper examines the post-pandemic performance of micro, small, and medium-sized firms using Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs), a type of Artificial Neural Network that groups patterns based on their similarities. The goal is to identify the key characteristics that enable firms to face market...

The prediction of financial distress has emerged as a significant concern over a prolonged period spanning more than half a century. This subject has garnered considerable attention owing to the precise outcomes derived from its predictive models. The main objective of this study is to predict...

Bharath and Shumway (2008) provide evidence that shows that it is the functional form of Merton’s (1974) distance to default (DD) model that makes it useful and important for predicting defaults. In this paper, we investigate whether the default predictability of the Merton DD model would be...

Default probability is a fundamental variable determining the credit worthiness of a firm and equity volatility estimation plays a key role in its evaluation. Assuming a structural credit risk modeling approach, we study the impact of choosing different non parametric equity volatility...

Bank’s major approach in her internal rating system is credit scoring valuation which focused on corporates’ idiosyncratic risks and based on their financial indexes. Hence, an influence on corporates’ credit risks by business variation is not considered in her system. We model the effect...

In this study we estimate indirect bankruptcy costs for a recent sample of large corporate bankruptcies in the United States over the period, 1997 to 2004. We find indirect bankruptcy costs of approximately 2%, 6.2% and 14.9% of firm value in years -3, -2 and -1 relative to the year of...

The goal of this paper is to present early warning models used in the process of bankruptcy recognition that should meet the terms of good economic condition. Economic condition of a company on a capital market is good when the goal of the business is achieved, namely the increase in value, that...