We study communication in a two-player coordination game with Pareto-ranked equilibria. Prior research demonstrates … that efficient coordination is difficult without communication but obtains regularly with (mandatory) costless pre …-play messages. In a laboratory experiment, we modify communication by making the sending of messages optional and costly. Even small …

Does the Federal Reserve follow a communication rule? We propose a simple framework to estimate communication rules … communication rules that vary over time, with changes in the rule often being associated with changes in the economic environment …. We also find that shifts in communication rules increase disagreement among professional forecasters and correlate with …

We study communication in ambiguous environments. Agents communicate individual decisions sequentially. Based on the …, the decisions differ no matter how long the communication lasts. Such persistent disagreements are precluded in Bayesian … frameworks endowed with a common prior. When communication is private and nobody is excluded from it, we show that ambiguity …