positively related to research and development investments, while openness to trade has a negative effect. I also find the …. However, in both sub-samples, research and development investments Granger-cause intellectual property protection levels …, whereas surprisingly, intellectual property protection does not Granger-cause research and development investments. …

This report, prepared for Canada's International Development Research Centre, reviews intellectual property issues in …

Universities’ centrality within the public research systems has been increasing over time, as it has their interactions … basic research activities and those activities required to successfully develop and commercialize academic inventions. The … results of academic research to be freely accessible. The empirical literature suggests that the first dilemma may not be as …