Tens of thousands of young people leave school with no or very few qualifications inEngland. This paper seeks to build a fuller picture of Key Stage 4 low achievementand its correlates than available hitherto. We focus on three aspects. Firstly, the role ofstudents’ personal characteristics,...

Both educational attainment and school quality are typically lower indisadvantaged areas than others and much recent policy attention has beenfocused on each. This paper looks at the quality problem, exploring therelationships between disadvantaged contexts, what schools do, and the qualityof...

This paper explores the links between school, family and areabackground influences during adolescence and later adult economicoutcomes. The empirical analysis is based on data covering the period1979 to 1996, drawn from the 1979 US National Longitudinal Survey ofYouth. For a sample of...

We describe a new and flexible framework for modeling school effects. Like previouswork in this area, we introduce an empirical model that evaluates school performance onthe basis of student level test-score gains. Unlike previous work, however, we introducea flexible model that relates...