We provide new evidence on the effect of minority elected state representatives on economic development and schooling in India. Using data on candidates in all state assembly elections from 1974 to 2017, we exploit two discontinuities in the reservation of constituencies for Scheduled Castes...

While the populations of wealthy modern states primarily identify with their nation, middle- and low-income countries often contain large populations that adhere to distinct subnational identities. We model a central government elite that has a conflictual relationship with its “tribal...

We study residential segregation and access to public services across 1.5 million urban and rural neighborhoods in India. Muslim and Scheduled Caste segregation in India is high by global standards, and only slightly lower than Black-White segregation in the U.S. Within cities, public facilities...

We analyze the initial job-market matching of new US college graduates with a large-scale audit study conducted during 2016 and 2017, in which 36,880 résumés of college seniors were submitted to online job postings for business-related positions. We simulate the experience of US college...

This paper examines the impact of racial concordance between mothers and healthcare providers on childbirth practices and health outcomes in Brazilian public hospitals. Using a novel dataset linking patients and providers across 15 million births, we compare deliveries where providers and...

We examine the contribution to ethnic earnings gaps of differences in the firms where different ethnic groups work. We use linked employer-employee data to estimate worker and firm pay premiums (fixed effects), adapting existing methods to deal with multiple-response ethnicities and weighting....

We estimate relative wage discrimination for ethnic and migrant groups in New Zealand, using linked employer-employee and firm-level productivity data, and comparing each group's contribution to output with their share of their firm's wage bill. We find that wage discrimination is relatively...

How does diversity affect charitable giving? On the one hand, diversity can lead to increased charitable giving, as individuals may feel more connected to and invested in their community when they see the diversity of needs and perspectives within it. On the other hand, diversity can also create...

This paper presents causal evidence on how financial aid for Hungarian minorities in Slovakia leads to their non-assimilation. Using a staggered panel event study design, I show that the introduction of financial aid by the Hungarian government led to a statistically significant 2.35 percentage...

This paper explores the intervening role in SEP performance of corporate environmental, cultural, and ethnic activities (ECEAs) and diversity, equity, inclusion, and social initiatives (DEISIs) on blockchain adoption (BCA) strategy, particularly useful in the Western Balkans (WB), which demands...

Private pensions constitute the largest component of household wealth in the UK, and the vast majority of employees are automatically enrolled into workplace pension plans. Drawing on employer-reported pension data matched with the population census, we document that Bangladeshi and Pakistani...

The H-1B program allows firms in the United States to temporarily hire foreign workers in specialty occupations. Demand outstrips supply, and the government allocates status through a random lottery. In September 2025, The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) proposed a new...

We examine fiscal policies and parliamentary activities of minority governments in the German states. Our sample includes the 16 German states over the period 1981-2024. The results show that minority governments implemented similar fiscal policies to majority governments. Minority governments...

We present results from a field experiment that tests the effects of varying gender and linguistic group composition on performance and on group-members' perception that their voice is heard when completing complex collaborative work within a low scrutiny environment. We randomize individuals...

We incorporate the endogenous feedback loop at the core of the seminal Schelling (1969) model of segregation into a dynamic model of neighborhood choice and use it to study the forces that shaped racial and income segregation in the San Francisco Bay area from 1990 to 2004. Such an analysis...

There is a growing literature that provides concrete evidence of the effects of the pandemic on both health and socioeconomic outcomes. While the general negative effects of the pandemic were felt across race, gender, social status, and age, there is emerging literature suggesting a...

The political economy literature highlights the redistribution of resources to political support groups - often along regional or ethnic lines - as an axiom of political systems. In contrast to this dominant pattern, Kasara (2007) documents a puzzling result of discriminatory rent extraction by...

This study assesses the evolution of gender equality between 1973 and 2019 under military and non-military regimes in Myanmar. Gender inequality remains a significant barrier in Myanmar: women have participated in major political events since 1974 but have failed to gain equality in politics,...

This report examines the fundamental rights and living conditions of Roma and Travellers across 10 EU Member States and 3 accession countries. The survey evaluates progress towards the EU Roma strategic framework's 2030 objectives, covering areas such as discrimination, poverty, education,...

This report examines the fundamental rights and living conditions of Roma and Travellers across 10 EU Member States and 3 accession countries. The survey evaluates progress towards the EU Roma strategic framework's 2030 objectives, covering areas such as discrimination, poverty, education,...

How does diversity affect charitable giving? On the one hand, diversity can lead to increased charitable giving, as individuals may feel more connected to and invested in their community when they see the diversity of needs and perspectives within it. On the other hand, diversity can also create...