The study investigates the impact of financial distress (credit spread) and liquidity crises (TED spread) on size, value, profitability, investment and momentum premiums within the US Real Estate Investment Trust market. Using daily data from 2001 to 2020, we examine the presence, magnitude and...

This study investigated the relationship between a sector-specific Australian Real Estate Investment Trust (A-REITs) and the underlying property assets in its property portfolio. The existing studies have assessed the connectedness/correlation between the A-REITs market and a variety of other...

Trading activity is an important characteristic of financial markets, since it is related to price discovery, volatility, and market liquidity. It is therefore of crucial importance to understand what drives trading activity in real estate markets. Here, we use a panel dataset consisting of 142...

The REITs market has attracted a lot of interest among the academic, policymakers, and market participants. The linkages between REITs and macroeconomic and financial variables have been adequately explored in the literature, with more emphasis on linear models. This study expands the frontier...

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, non-core investments are gaining traction amongst institutional investors due to the shifting preference towards investment vehicles that position higher on the risk-return curve. Non-listed value-add real estate funds in Japan are one such vehicle....

We propose a simple three-factor pricing model, consisting of a local stock market index, a global REIT market index, and a global stock market index, to examine the dependence structure of conditional volatilities in the real estate investment trust (REIT) market from 11 countries over the...

Chinese local officials have strong incentives to stimulate economic growth in the pursuit of promotion. However, the connection between promotion pressure of local officials and investment in the real estate market has not been rigorously explored. By using the panel data of local leaders...

Using an extended Fama-French model for REIT returns, we examine how the net impact of the COVID-19 pandemic differs from that of recessions. We find that, as anticipated, recessions have a negative net impact on office and residential REIT returns but that the COVID-19 pandemic has a positive...

Understanding risk-adjusted returns in real estate investment are crucial, but little is known about the risk-adjusted returns for direct real estate. This paper examines risk-adjusted total returns by developing an extended capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to investigate whether direct real...

Since the onset of the Global Financial Crisis, the presence of institutional investors in housing markets has steadily increased over time. Real estate funds (REIFs) and other housing investment Örms leverage large-scale buy-to-rent real estate investments that enable them to set prices in...

We review the scant academic literature on the use of leverage in institutional private equity real estate (PERE) investments and summarize a number of stylized facts. The bulk of available evidence supports the view that leverage, as used by high-risk PERE funds, does not adequately compensate...

Land, capital and labor are the three primary components of production. This basic relation can be readily applied to the commercial property market where land in a primary location, capital improvements (buildings) built on the land, and dedicated employees impact performance and returns. The...

The extent to which a real estate investment trust’s (REIT’s) physical growth is related to market valuation and performance is examined. Using a sample of U.S. equity REITs over the 1995-2020 period, we measure a REIT’s growth as the growth of its total area in square feet (or its number...

We investigate the relation between heat stress and commercial real estate (CRE) return and find a negative cross-sectional relationship. The total return on commercial property decreases when the local temperature is abnormally high. Furthermore, we show a negative cross-sectional association...

We investigate the impacts of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance on a firm’s valuation, cash flow, and risk. Using newly available GRESB ESG performance data from 2019 to 2021 for global equity real estate investment trusts (REITs), we document that REITs with higher ESG...

Unlike stocks, unexpected returns of REITs (real estate investment trusts) are mainly driven by adjustments (called ``news'') in expected dividend growth as opposed to discount rates. The importance of REIT cash flow news is strong before and during the GFC, but also during the Dotcom period...

This paper explores private equity real estate fund performance and voluntary environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures. Using data from the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries (NCREIF), it examines the relationship between performance for funds in the Open-Ended...

This study aims to assess interconnectedness and risk in the market for syndicated loans to Japan's real estate investment trusts (J-REITs) from fiscal year (FY) 2013 to FY 2020 and the first half of FY 2021. Network analysis indicates that Japanese major banks, large regional banks, and J-REITs...

We analyze the valuation and return performance of real estate trusts (RETs), the 19th-century predecessors of REITs. In contrast to REITs, RETs were not required to adhere to any statutory REIT regulations. Similar to modern-day REITs, we find that dividend growth rather than discount rates...

We study the comovement of U.S. REIT equity returns and inflation shocks over 1981 to 2019, measured using both survey-based expected inflation and the realized CPI. Our empirical analysis reveals a complex relation between REIT equity returns and inflation shocks that changes sign depending on...

Cross-border investment in Asia-Pacific commercial real estate (CRE) has increased since the Great Financial Crisis. Amid low interest rates and ample liquidity, financial investors have sought higher returns from illiquid CRE assets. The search for yield has been particularly evident among...

We provide a systematic study of how financial and real estate uncertainty affect the aggregate return performance of the US REIT market from 1972 to 2017. A temporal causality analysis reveals a negative uncertainty impact on REIT returns. The asset pricing analysis confirms a negative relation...

This study examines the externality of anti-speculation policies and its impact on property market volatility. Employing a rich dataset on property transactions in Hong Kong from 1991 to 2020, we find that, given regulations for flippers in the presale residential property market only, the...

We investigate the relation between commercial real estate (CRE) returns and regional innovativeness and find that regions with more innovation exhibit higher total returns on commercial property. And, when we investigate the extent to which income return and capital return on commercial...

This study analyses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Spanish listed REITs during the first wave from both the stock market and the operating performance perspectives. First, we find that the Spanish stock market for REITs reacts with less intensity and later than the rest of the Spanish...

tThe presence of the real estate investment trust in the Spanish real estate market since 2013 has leda significant number of the housing stock being offered for rent in the most popular cities around thecountry. In the specific case of the Costa del Sol, it is necessary to evaluate the...

In this paper, we estimate the dynamic impact of unconventional monetary policy in the US on international REITs. Unlike existing studies which are limited to conventional policy tools and undertake a static approach, we use an event study approach and estimate a time-varying parameter model to...