- Disclaimer and Explanatory Note
- Executive Summary
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Methodology, Definitions and Characteristics of Returnees
- 2.1 Methodology
- 2.2 Clarification of Concepts and Definitions
- 2.3 General Characteristics of Returnees
- Table 1: Indicative overview of Voluntary and Forced Return Actions
- 3. The Political and Legal Framework
- 3.1 Influence of European Legislation
- 4. Return Actions
- 4.1 Overview
- 4.2 Voluntary Return
- 4.2.1 Information Campaigns
- 4.2.2 Incentives to Voluntary Return
- 4.3 Forced Return
- 4.3.1 Identification
- 4.3.2 Procedures of Forced Return: ending of illegal stay and removal order
- 4.3.3 Detention
- 4.3.4 Transport and Removal Measures
- 4.3.5 Sustainability of Forced Return
- 5. Return Assistance – Return Counselling
- 6. Bi-lateral and Multi-lateral Co-operation
- Table 2: Type and status of Member States bi-lateral agreements with third countries
- 7. Concluding Remarks
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