Article 21 of the EU ETS Directive requires all EU ETS implementing countries to submit an annual report on the application of the Directive in their country by 30 June of each year ("the Article 21 reports" or "country reports" hereinafter). These Article 21 reports provide feedback on how a...

This report, commissioned by the European Commission (DG CLIMA), develops and analyses novel policy options aimed at a shift to low-carbon mobility helping to decarbonise the transport sector in line with the recommended EU 2040 climate target, which seeks a 90% reduction in net greenhouse gas...

This report is a deliverable under the framework "Measuring the fuel consumption of light- and heavy-duty vehicles and monitoring their real-world fuel consumption". The study aims to: • Define suitable accuracy requirements for OBFCM devices, critically reviewing the current accuracy...

Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development is one of the objectives of the Paris Agreement. Limiting global temperature rise and achieving resilience goals will not be possible without aligning finance, both in the real...

The Social Climate Fund, established by the Social Climate Fund Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2023/955), aims to support vulnerable households, micro-enterprises and transport users impacted by the inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions from buildings and road transport within the scope of...

The Social Climate Fund Regulation (Article 5(1)) stipulates that Member States are required to (1) conduct a public consultation with key stakeholders (e.g. local and regional authorities, representatives of economic and social partners, relevant civil society organisations, research and...

The Social Climate Fund, established by the Social Climate Fund Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2023/955), aims to support vulnerable households, micro-enterprises and transport users impacted by the inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions from buildings and road transport within the scope of...

The Social Climate Fund (SCF), established by the Social Climate Fund Regulation, aims to support vulnerable households, micro-enterprises and transport users impacted by the inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions from buildings and road transport within the scope of Directive 2003/87/EC. This...

The findings from the IPCC (2018) report led the EU to review the ambition of its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the Paris Agreement and subsequently the European Commission announced the European Green Deal in December 2019, which proposes to raise the ambition level of the EU's...

This study explores the potential of blockchain technology and digital solutions to support the implementation of European Union (EU) climate policies by the European Commission. The main objective is to identify EU climate policies that can benefit from distributed ledger technologies (DLT) and...