Starting from analyzing the use of goods, this paper discussed the Non-excludability and Non-rivalry characteristics of the goods in four assumed occasions based on different using methods and directions among users. It holds that Non-excludability and Non-rivalry are neither the objective...

New-classical paradigm public goods theory holds that non-exclusivity and non-competitiveness are the objective attributes of public goods. However, in reality, it is difficult to find a good which is strictly non-exclusive and non-competitive. Trading paradigm theory holds that the...

New-classical paradigm public goods theory holds that the Non-excludability and Non-rivalry are the objective attributes of public goods. However, in reality, it is difficult to find a good which is strictly Non-excludability and Non-rivalry. Trading paradigm theory holds that the...

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English Abstract: The author proposes a new type of asset-backed security, called Exchange Traded Pieced Loan (ETPL), designed to address a variety of major issues for savers, lenders, borrowers, authorities and other stakeholders in China's markets for investment and credit. An ETPL's...

The English version of this paper can be found at "http://ssrn.com/abstract=3486211" http://ssrn.com/abstract=3486211.Chinese Abstract:...

Chinese Abstract:...