This paper presents findings from a census of more than 79,000 stock-keeping units (SKUs) in 37 consumer packaged goods categories totaling $55 billion in annual revenue. It shows that, in 86% of product categories, the relationship between market share and retail distribution is increasing and...

As economists have increasingly accepted the notion that non-equilibrium behavior may be a reflection of the real world, interest has grown in modeling the emergence of turbulence as well as equilibrium. Earlier work by two of the authors used simulation to conduct a non-equilibrium analysis of...