In HRD, the relationship between theory (usually produced by academics) and practice (the domain, normally of practitioners), has been seen in dichotomous terms of theory versus practice, referred to in various ways such as: the research-practice gap; the implementation gap; the...

Systems thinking and organisation development (OD) are increasingly recognised as core foundations of contemporary HRD. However, most current thinking in OD is based on outdated, simplistic systems models incapable of dealing adequately with complexity, and so cannot as constituted contribute to...

International HRD alliances (IHRDAs) are increasingly popular forms of voluntary co-operation between organizations of different sizes, sectors and international locations to satisfy HRD purposes in increasingly complex business environments. However, IHRDAs may fail, often associated with...