We theorized and tested the mechanisms by which leader-member exchange (LMX) quality is associated with job performance. The results obtained using 212 employee-supervisor pairs from eight Chinese companies indicated that LMX quality had an indirect and positive relationship with taking charge...

Based on the work of Van Dyne, Ang, and Botero (2003), the concept of voice, generally defined as speaking up, was expanded to include three types of voice behaviors: prosocial, acquiescent, and defensive. Prosocial voice is a fundamentally positive form of voice, whereas acquiescent and...