The study proposes and tests a risk-free rate model that simultaneously lets the risk-free rate migrate between rating categories as risk-free rate ranges, and follow a random walk within rating categories as risk-free rate ranges. Although the study arbitrarily assigned rating categories, and...

The study reviews equity valuation, and proposes an alternative equity valuation model based on a random process modelling of earnings and equity growth. A Markov process is used to model earnings, standardized as earnings to book value, and book value based on rating category. This assumes a...