Real problems are formulated into tractable mathematical models, which allow for an analysis of various approaches.Attention is focused on solutions.Provides a unified treatment of the models discussed , presents a critique of the existing results, and points out potential research directions.

We explore buyback contracts in a supplier–retailer supply chain where the retailer faces a price-dependent downward-sloping demand curve subject to uncertainty. Differentiated from the existing literature, this work focuses on analytically examining how the uncertainty level embedded in...