substantial within-country volatility. This volatility is at odds with the notion of culture adopted in economics: a set of slow … interactions. The insufficient persistence of survey proxies for such traits may compromise empirical studies of culture as a …

researchers have not accounted for the role of race and ethnicity in identifying culture parameters. Moreover, the majority of … cultural norms and female labor supply. For non-Hispanic Whites, the impact of culture is explained by variation in country … of labor supply are local culture and social capital measures. …