This paper details the conceptual and empirical development of a 10-item scale to measure consumer competitive arousal (CCAr). Consumers experience competitive arousals in a wide variety of consumption contexts. Though the subject has been of interest in several recent studies, neither a...

Success in business markets demands going beyond satisfactory exchanges with customers. Conventional wisdom therefore dictates that firms must build close customer relationships. Yet, unfortunately, the meaning of a close relationship from the customer's viewpoint can get lost in translation. We...