Many mobile app providers offer their apps for free and base their business models on user engagement. However, declining app usage over time threatens user engagement and the ability of apps to create business value. To keep users engaged, app providers use gamification, i.e., they link their...

Brand communities offer effective means to achieve favorable brand outcomes, such as enhanced consumer brand loyalty. But what drives brand community success, and how can managers evaluate their communities' performance? Based on Muñiz and O'Guinn (2001) the existing literature suggests high...