This report examines the background to EU rules on the burden of proof, the development of principles laid down in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and their application to the Racial and Employment Equality Directives in proceedings before civil and labour...

The European Commission has requested the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ), Council of Europeto conduct a study aimed at collecting and providing data on the functioning of judicial systems in the EU member states. This study is based on the facts and figures collected,...

Over 10 years ago a major and unprecedented evolution occurred in the European Union with the adoption in 2000 of two pieces of EU legislation in the field of anti-discrimination: the Racial Equality Directive (2000/43/EC) and the Employment Equality Directive (2000/78/EC). The transposition and...

This is a guide for European small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs) managers wishing to improve the competitiveness and the social and economic performance of their business by building on the diversity of their workforce. The publication contains basic information for all SMEs to use,...

The European Commission and the EU Platform of Diversity Charters would like to see a Diversity Charter – a voluntary initiative for promoting diversity management, in each Member State. This Guide is part of the drive towards diversity in Europe. This publication brings together the...

The purpose of this study was to collect data on the functioning of the EU Member States’ national judicial systems when enforcing judicial decisions in civil and commercial matters. Data on the length of enforcement proceedings is difficult to collect as Member States seldom collect this...

The purpose of the present publication is to provide a general overview of the transposition of EU gender equality law in the 28 Member States of the European Union, as well as in Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway (the EEA countries to which most of the EU equality law applies) and two candidate...

The EU Justice Scoreboard provides an overview of the quality, independence and efficiency of EU Member States’ justice systems.